Periscope.



A. HOLLANDER.

Patented Jan. 7,1919.

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ALADAR HOLLANDER, OF NEW LONDON,

CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO ELECTRIC BOAT COMPANY, OF. NEW YORK, 'N..Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

- ,rERIsooPE. -i

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be-it known that I, ALADAR HOLLANDER, a citizen of Hungary, and a resident of New London, county of New London, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain'new and useful Improvements in 'Periscopes; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. v

This invention relates to improvements in periscop'es, and particularly to periscopes for submarine vessels. V t

Submarine vessels as now constructed are provided with aconning tower projecting to a'height of several feet above the. upper wall of the hull or deck of the. vessel, in which tower the commanding'oflicer usually takes his position when the vessel is cruising on the surface. The vessels are also provided with periscopes' projecting to a conning tower and carrying objectives for receivingtimages which are observed through the eyepiece at the lower end of the periscope within the hull of the boat, the periscope being'used for observation when the vessel is submerged.

It is frequently necessary for the oflicer in the conning tower'to' make observations not 7 possible through theobservation windows or open top of the tower, for instance'while the vessel is being submerged. To this end it has been proposed to provide the conning tower with an auxiliary periscope, but such design has not met with favor chiefly for the reason that it occupied that muoh'additional space in the already over-crowded interior of the vessel and added to the'resistance of the vessel when running submerged.

By my present invention I provide a con struction by means of which a single peri-' scope, occupying no greater space than the present periscopes, is adapted to perform all the functions of such periscopes and may also be used with equal facility by the oificer in the conning'tower. I V With the above object in view, my invention consists in the constructionillus trated in the accompanying drawings and hereinafter described,it being of-course un- I derstood that the invention isnot limited to Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 7.1919.

l Application filed April 12, 1916. Serial No. 9 0.542;

the details ofconstruction disclosed except 1n so far as recited in the'appended claims. In said drawings: V Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view through the-conning tower and a portion of the hull" of a submarine vesselequipped with my improved periscope,.the periscopebeing shown in side elevation;

.Fig. 2 is a detail view on an enlarged scale showing a portionr-of the periscope tube in verticaljfsection on line 22 of Fig. 3;andi view ,ofthe parts shown in Fig. 2 partly in section on line 33 of'Fig. .2. r

Referring to the drawings, particularly to Fig. 1, 1 indicates the upper wall of the hull of the vessel on which is supported the shell 2 of the outboard portion of the conning tower. Coincident with the wall of the shell 2 is 3 forming with the shell 2 the conning tower inclosure." The interior of the conning tower communicates with the rest of the vessel through a trap 4; having a water tight closure and is provided 'at its upper wall with a hatch-way having a water-tight cover through which the lookout projects his head for takingobservations, or if desired, the conning tower may be provided with suitable glass closed observation windows, not shown.

Theperiscope 5 consists of a continuous closed tube projecting vertically entirely through the conning tower with suitable stuffing boxes in the roof. and floor thereof, the tube having attached at its upper end the casing 6 for the objective lenses and refleeting prism which may be of any preferredconstruction. f

The lower end ofthe periscope is provided with the usual eye-piece 7 containing the lenses and prism which maybe of any preferred design, and form no part of the present invention. The periscope is mounted for vertical movement in its packed bearings and is provided with a Windlass 8 and cable for raising and lowering the periscope at will. It willbe understood that the cable is a continuous one passing over upper and lowerpulleys, the upper ofwhich is shown at 9, one reach of the cable being connected I Fig. 3 is a detailed aninwardly projecting shell to the periscope and the other being coiled by the oflicer' in the conning tower the tube 5 V, to a position near a dotted lines inl ig. 2 to is formed in two sections connected by a supplemental eye-piece casing 10 within the conning tower. The casing 10 is located at such point .on the tube 5. as to be elevated the roof ,of the conning tower when the periscope is raised to its extreme Eupper position as shown in lines in Fig. 1. The eye-piece casing 10 is provided in one side with the usual lateral pro? for supporting the lenses and on the opposite side with alight-tightenlargement 12, and rotatably supported the casing adjacent the tube ,5 is a sl a it13 on which is supported within thecasi-ng a reflectingprism 14 adapted adjusted toits extreme position in one ,di-

eet i t0 me anin the r s s eflectays ironthe.

ing position to receive the objective and direct-them intoithe lensholder 11'.

The shaft 13 is mounted to have an ampliude of movem of 5 .0 d gree wh reby the prism 14 will be adjusted intothe ens largement 12 of the casing as indicated leave the periscope tube unobstructed so that observations may be made in the usual manner through the lowereye-piece '7. The shaft 13 projects beyond the wall. of the casing one ,end and is provided with an actuating crank 15 and with a latch ,16 for locking the prism in either of its extreme positions of adjustment. 1

The periscope tube is mounted gfor'rotation in its stufling boxes in the usual manner and hand wheels 17 or other mechanism-may be provided for rotating the periscope; such mechanism should, however, be so designed asto permlt of the periscope tube being 'rotated from a position within the conning tower.

It will of course be understood that the periscope tube is provided at intervals with the usualcondensing lenses as indicated at 1 8 in dotted lines, for converging and crossing the light rays in transmitting the image from the objective to the eyepiece, and it will be understood that the upper eye-piece 11 is so located with relation to the position of one of the "intermediate condensers for its lenses to properly co-act with the condenser producing :the image.

The operation of the device will-now be described. When the vessel is running submerged the observations are preferably made by an oificer in the. main body of the merged,

when the shatt vessel by means of the periscope which is raised at intervals above the surface of the water to make the observations, and then immediately lowered to guard against deteotioniby a hostile craft- .When, however, the v vessel is running with the decks awash and particularly when the boat is being subthe oflicer in command takes his position in the conning tower in order to correctly direct the operation of the ballast .tanl: valves until the vessel is submerged almost to the conning tower hatch. During such period it is trequently desirable to use the'periscope to make distant observations from the higher altitude of the objective and also to maintain a continuous lookout while the .boat is going down after the outer hatchw-ay must beclosed By means of the present invention, the oflicer inthe .conningi towermay, by. turningthe prism 14 to its 5 full line position use the periscope as described. As soon as the observation is made the prism may be returned to the ,dotted line position to permit the periscope to be used i desir d y the oflice 1 a -.c mpa tmentof the boat. 7 1

l laim 1. In a submarine boat having .a conning tower. the combination of a periscope tube p jecting above t e o i g -er an lp vided with- .an outboard objective and. a plurality of eye-pieces mounted one within and one without said conning tower, said periscope comprising optical means are rangedior observation through said objective to be made from either eye-piece.

2. In a periscope the-combination of a periscope tube having an objective at its upper end, a plurality of eye-pieces arranged one above the other for cooperation with said sing;le objective, the optical elements of said periscope comprising a reflector movably mounted opposite the eye-piece nearest the .objec 'ive and adapted tobe ad, justedeither to a position to reflect the rays from rtherobjective into said upper eye-piece, or to a position but of the path of such rays. f V a In a periscope the combination of a periscope tube, annobjective at the end there- V of, an eye-piece .at the other end thereof and mounted adjacent the position'of said intermediate ..ey-espiece, and adjustable to a position to deflect all the rays from said objective into said intermediate eyepiece or to a position beyond the circumference of said tube to provide an unobstructed passage tromthe objec ive to the second eyepiece 4. In aasubrnarineboat having a conning tower with an elevated floor, a periscope 13( an outboard objective, an eye-piece con-- nected to said tube within the hull of the boat and beneath the floor of-the conning tower and a second eye-piece carried by said tube within the conning towerinclosure, said periscope embodying optical means wherey images received by said objective may be viewed through either eye-piece.

5. In a periscope the combination of a periscope tube, an objective at one end thereof, an eye-piece at the other end thereof, and a second eye-piece intermediate the ends of the tube, second eye-piece comprising a reflector mounted for adjustment either into the path of the rays through the periscope to render said second eye-piece operative orout of the Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the the optical. elements of said path of the rays to permit the rays to reach the first mentioned eye-piece. I

6. Ina submarine boat having a conning tower, a periscope comprising a tube extending through said conning tower and mounted for vertical and rotary movement in the upper and lower walls of said conning tower, said tube being provided with an outboard objective, aneye-piece connected to said tube within the hull of the boat without the conning tower inclosure, and a second eye-piece carried by said tube within the conning tower inclosure, said periscope embodying optical means whereby images received by said objective may be viewed through either eye-piece;

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

' ALADAR HOLLANDER.

"Commissioner of Iatentl.

Washington, D. 0. 

